The study is an attempt to gauge the volatilities of three stock market indices of Pakistan Stock Exchange namely KMI-30, KSE-30 and PSX-100 using GARCH model.

This aim of the research is to examine the relationship among financial leverage and profitability of food sector of Pakistan. For the purpose of this research, the financial data of eight out of twenty one food companies are examined in the study and ten years annual data ranges from 2007 to 2016 related to financial leverage and profitability were taken into consideration and the sample size consists of 80 observations.

OBOR or CPEC empirical analysis based on publicly available financial data.

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the impact of three leadership styles; the transactional leadership style, the transformational leadership style and laissez faire on employee presenteeism among the Pakistani healthcare professionals. For this study, data was obtained from 128 healthcare employees with the aid of a structured questionnaire while using social media and email services. The data was coded and entered into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. The responses obtained through the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The three leadership styles; the transactional leadership style, the transformational leadership style and laissez faire the focus of the study were observed to have no impact on employee presenteeism. Presenteeism among employees was seen to be independent of the leadership style being followed among the healthcare professionals. A further study into the factors causing presenteeism among healthcare professionals can lead to a better understanding of this phenomenon in order to help reduce presenteeism among them. Keywords: leadership styles, presenteeism, Pakistan, transactional, transformational, laissez faire