he Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences (Tikrit j. eng. sci.) (TJES) is a peer-reviewed journal published by the College of Engineering, Tikrit University. TJES is not limited to a specific aspect of science and engineering but is instead devoted to a wide range of subfields in the engineering sciences. While it encourages a broad spectrum of contribution in the engineering sciences, its core interest lies in issues concerning material modeling and response. Articles of interdisciplinary nature are particularly welcome.